Hydraulic Cylinder Flow Calculator

Flow Rate Formula:

\[ Q = \frac{A_c \times S_c \times 60}{231} \]

Flow Rate (Q): GPM

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1. What is a Hydraulic Cylinder Flow Calculator?

Definition: This calculator determines the required flow rate for a hydraulic cylinder based on its piston area and desired speed.

Purpose: It helps hydraulic system designers and technicians properly size pumps and select components for optimal cylinder performance.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

\[ Q = \frac{A_c \times S_c \times 60}{231} \]

Where:

\( Q \) — Flow rate (gallons per minute)
\( A_c \) — Cylinder piston area (square inches)
\( S_c \) — Cylinder speed (inches per second)
60 — Conversion from seconds to minutes
231 — Cubic inches per gallon

Explanation: The formula converts the cylinder's volumetric displacement per second into gallons per minute.

3. Importance of Flow Rate Calculation

Details: Proper flow rate calculation ensures cylinders move at desired speeds and helps prevent pump undersizing or oversizing.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the cylinder piston area (π × radius² for circular pistons) and desired extension/retraction speed. All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: How do I find the cylinder piston area?
A: For circular pistons, calculate π × (bore diameter/2)². For non-circular pistons, use the cross-sectional area.

Q2: What's a typical cylinder speed?
A: Industrial cylinders typically operate at 2-12 in/s, but this varies by application.

Q3: Does this account for rod diameter in retraction?
A: No, for retraction speed calculations, use the annulus area (piston area minus rod area).

Q4: Why is the result in GPM?
A: Gallons per minute is the standard flow measurement unit in hydraulic systems (US customary units).

Q5: How does fluid viscosity affect the result?
A: This calculation gives theoretical flow; actual flow may vary slightly due to fluid properties and system efficiency.