1. What is Hydraulic Cylinder Speed?

Definition: This calculator determines the extension/retraction speed of a hydraulic cylinder based on fluid flow rate and piston area.

Purpose: It helps hydraulic system designers and technicians calculate cylinder speed for proper system operation and timing.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( S_c \) — Cylinder speed (inches/second)
• \( Q \) — Flow rate (gallons per minute, GPM)
• \( A_c \) — Piston area (square inches)
• 231 — Conversion factor (cubic inches per gallon)
• 60 — Conversion factor (seconds per minute)

Explanation: The formula converts flow rate to volume per second and divides by piston area to determine linear speed.

3. Importance of Cylinder Speed Calculation

Details: Proper speed calculation ensures hydraulic systems meet performance requirements and cycle time specifications.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the hydraulic flow rate in GPM and the piston area in square inches. Both values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is 231 used in the formula?
A: 231 cubic inches equals 1 US gallon, converting GPM to cubic inches per minute.

Q2: How do I calculate piston area?
A: For circular pistons, use \( A_c = \pi \times r^2 \) where r is the piston radius.

Q3: Does this account for cylinder efficiency?
A: No, this is theoretical speed. Actual speed may be slightly less due to system inefficiencies.

Q4: How does rod area affect retraction speed?
A: Retraction speed is faster as the effective area is less (piston area minus rod area).

Q5: What's a typical cylinder speed range?
A: Most industrial cylinders operate between 2-20 in/s, depending on application.