1. What is a Hydraulic Cylinder Velocity Calculator?

Definition: This calculator determines the extension/retraction speed of a hydraulic cylinder based on flow rate and piston area.

Purpose: It helps hydraulic system designers and technicians calculate cylinder speed for proper system operation and performance evaluation.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( S_c \) — Cylinder velocity (inches per second)
• \( Q \) — Flow rate (gallons per minute)
• \( A_c \) — Piston area (square inches)
• 231 — Conversion factor (cubic inches per gallon)
• 60 — Conversion factor (seconds per minute)

Explanation: The formula converts flow rate from GPM to cubic inches per second, then divides by piston area to get velocity.

3. Importance of Cylinder Velocity Calculation

Details: Proper velocity calculation ensures cylinders operate within design parameters, prevents excessive speeds that could damage equipment, and helps achieve desired cycle times.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the hydraulic flow rate in GPM and the piston area in square inches. Both values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is 231 used in the formula?
A: 231 cubic inches equals 1 US gallon, converting flow rate from gallons to cubic inches.

Q2: How do I calculate piston area?
A: For a cylinder, \( A_c = \pi \times r^2 \) where r is the piston radius, or \( A_c = \pi \times (d/2)^2 \) where d is diameter.

Q3: Does this calculate extension or retraction speed?
A: This calculates extension speed. For retraction speed, use the annular area (piston area minus rod area).

Q4: What's a typical cylinder velocity range?
A: Industrial cylinders typically operate between 2-12 in/s, but consult manufacturer specifications.

Q5: How does cylinder velocity affect system performance?
A: Higher velocities increase flow requirements and may cause pressure drops, while low velocities may not meet operational needs.